A router constitutes the logical or physical boundary between the subnets. Traffic is exchanged ( routed) between subnetworks with special gateways ( routers) when the routing prefixes of the source address and the destination address differ. Subnet masks are also expressed in dot-decimal notation like an address. For IPv4, a network is also characterized by its subnet mask, which is the bitmask that when applied by a bitwise AND operation to any IP address in the network, yields the routing prefix. The IPv6 address specification 2001:db8::/32 is a large address block with 2 96 addresses, having a 32-bit routing prefix. For example, 192.168.1.0/24 is the prefix of the Internet Protocol Version 4 network starting at the given address, having 24 bits allocated for the network prefix, and the remaining 8 bits reserved for host addressing. It is written as the first address of a network, followed by a slash character ( /), and ending with the bit-length of the prefix. The routing prefix is expressed in CIDR notation. The rest field is an identifier for a specific host or network interface. This results in the logical division of an IP address into two fields, a network or routing prefix and the rest field or host identifier. The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting.Ĭomputers that belong to a subnet are addressed with a common, identical, most-significant bit-group in their IP address. A subnetwork, or subnet, is a logical, visible subdivision of an IP network.
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